Abstract: The most striking difference in the characteristics of photosythesis and transpiration in Aneurolepidium chinense of different soil types was declined ratio of photosynthetic rate at light saturation point and maximum transpiration rate when the sufficient soil moisture became deficit. The declined range of photosynthesis in A. chinense of typical chestnut soil type was smaller than that of dark chestnut soil type and saline meadow soil type, but its declined range of transpiration was larger than that of the other two soil types. Therefore, using efficiency of solar energy and water of A. chinense of typical chestnut soil type was all higher at soil drought condition and adapitability itself to drought was stronger. These differences indicated that different edaphic ecotype of A. chinense can exist in natural condition.

Key words: oil type, Photosynthesis, Transpiration