J Integr Plant Biol. ›› 1977, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): -.

• Research Articles •    

Studies on Tissue Culture of Medicinal Plants II. Chemical Control of Callus Growth and Synthesis of Hyoscyamine and Scopolamine by Scopolia aeutangula Callus

Zheng Guang-zhi and Liang Zheng   

Abstract: The callus was derived from stem of Scopolia acutangula C. Y. Wu et C. Chen in the year 1973. For callus growth and synthesis of hyoscyamine and scopolamine by Scopolia acutangula callus in culture were studied. The concentrations of 2,4-D (above 1.0 mg/l) promotes growth but alkaloids (hyoseyamine and scopolamine) formation is ntarded. At the concentrations of 2,4-D below 1.0 mg/l growth is retarded, while alkaloid synthesis is promoted. Both growth and alkaloid synthesis arc distinctly promoted at NAA concentration of 2.0 mg/l. Callus growth and alkaloid synthesis are retarded by kinetin at various concentrations with maximum at 0.2mg/l. The callus first cultured on the medium in absence of kinetin for two or four weeks, then transfered to the medium containing 1.0 mg/l klnetin and subsequently cultured for a further two or four weeks. The alkaloid contentincreased significantly. The content of scopolamine may be increased to 0.495%. The lactalbumin hydrolysate at various concentrations (1.0-4.0 mg/l) stimulates growth and the two alkaloids synthesis in callus. When the medium was supplemented with 20mg/l of lactalbumin hydrolysate yield of 2.0mg dry weight/piece/day was obtained, and the maximum production of the two alkaloids were reached 0.554%. The phenylalanine of various concentrations (50–200 mg/l) not only stimulates callus growth but also promotes alkaloid synthesis. Growth and alkaloid synthesis were retarded by tyrosine, glutamic acid, iysine, valine, leucine and cysteine only stimulate growth and alkaloid synthesis in the callus tissues. Fumaric acid at a concentration of 2.5 mg/l strongly retards callus growth but alkaloid synthesis is markedly promoted. However, other organic acids in the Kreo's cycle, such as succinic acid, citric acid, malie acid and α-ketoglutarate acid, slightly stimulate callus growth, and slightly retard alkaloid synthesis in the callas. In these experiments, the maximum growth yield of Scopolia acutangula callus was 12.97 mg dry weight/piece/day and the maximum medicinal components was 55%.

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