J Integr Plant Biol ›› 2023, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (3): 810-824.DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13375

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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-20 接受日期:2022-09-29 出版日期:2023-03-01 发布日期:2023-03-15

The Piks allele of the NLR immune receptor Pik breaks the recognition of AvrPik effectors of rice blast fungus

Gui Xiao1,2, Wenjuan Wang3, Muxing Liu4, Ya Li5, Jianbin Liu1, Marina Franceschetti6, Zhaofeng Yi1, Xiaoyuan Zhu3, Zhengguang Zhang4, Guodong Lu5, Mark J. Banfield6, Jun Wu1* and Bo Zhou2*   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410128, China;
    2. International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila 1301, Philippines;
    3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
    4. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China;
    5. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
    6. Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
    *Correspondences: Bo Zhou (irririce@gmail.com); Jun Wu (wujun1984@126.com, Dr. Wu is fully responsible for the distribution of the materials associated with this article)
  • Received:2022-07-20 Accepted:2022-09-29 Online:2023-03-01 Published:2023-03-15

Abstract: Arms race co-evolution of plant–pathogen interactions evolved sophisticated recognition mechanisms between host immune receptors and pathogen effectors. Different allelic haplotypes of an immune receptor in the host mount distinct recognition against sequence or non-sequence related effectors in pathogens. We report the molecular characterization of the Piks allele of the rice immune receptor Pik against rice blast pathogen, which requires two head-to-head arrayed nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeat proteins. Like other Pik alleles, both Piks-1 and Piks-2 are necessary and sufficient for mediating resistance. However, unlike other Pik alleles, Piks does not recognize any known AvrPik variants of Magnaporthe oryzae. Sequence analysis of the genome of an avirulent isolate V86010 further revealed that its cognate avirulence (Avr) gene most likely has no significant sequence similarity to known AvrPik variants. Piks-1 and Pikm-1 have only two amino acid differences within the integrated heavy metal-associated (HMA) domain. Pikm-HMA interacts with AvrPik-A, -D, and -E in vitro and in vivo, whereas Piks-HMA does not bind any AvrPik variants. Characterization of two amino acid residues differing Piks-1 from Pikm-1 reveal that Piks-E229Q derived from the exchange of Glu229 to Gln229 in Piks-1 gains recognition specificity against AvrPik-D but not AvrPik-A or -E, indicating that Piks-E229Q partially restores the Pikm spectrum. By contrast, Piks-A261V derived from the exchange of Ala261 to Val261 in Piks-1 retains Piks recognition specificity. We conclude that Glu229 in Piks-1 is critical for Piks breaking the canonical Pik/AvrPik recognition pattern. Intriguingly, binding activity and ectopic cell death induction is maintained between Piks-A261V and AvrPik-D, implying that positive outcomes from ectopic assays might be insufficient to deduce its immune activity against the relevant effectors in rice and rice blast interaction.

Key words: AvrPik, co-evolution, NBS-LRR, Piks, recognition

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