Abstract:

Alien chromosomes of twelve giant spike wheat germplasm lines were identified by C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). All lines showed a chromosome number of 2n=42, five of them carried both a pair of wheat-rye (Triticum aestivum-Secale cereal) 1BL/1RS translocation chromosomes and a pair of Agropyron intermedium (Ai) chromosomes, three carried a pair of Ai chromosomes only, three others carried a pair of 1BL/1RS chromosomes only, and one carried neither 1BL/1BS nor Ai chromosome. Further identification revealed that the identical Ai chromosome in these germplasm lines substituted the chromosome 2D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), designated as 2Ai. The genetic implication and further utilization of 2Ai in wheat improvement were also discussed.

巨穗小麦种质中外源遗传物质的细胞遗传学和分子生物学鉴定
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(1.南京农业大学农业部作物细胞遗传重点实验室，南京 210095；2.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008)
摘要： 利用C 分带、基因组原位杂交并结合分子生物学手段,对12 份巨穗小麦种质材料中的外源遗传物质进行了检测。结果表明,12 份材料染色体数均为42,其中5 份材料均具有一对小麦- 黑麦(Triticum aestivum -Secalecereal)1BL/1RS 易位染色体和一对中间偃麦草(Agropyron intermedium Garten)染色体、3 份材料只具有一对中间偃麦草染色体、3 份材料只具一对1BL/1RS 染色体、1 份材料无1BL/1RS 和中间偃麦草染色体。进一步细胞学分析表明，此中间偃麦草染色体代换了普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)中的2D 染色体,因其良好的同源补偿性,表示为2Ai。同时对2Ai 在巨穗小麦种质中存在的遗传学意义及小麦遗传改良中的应用进行了讨论。
关键词： 巨穗小麦种质；1BL/1RS；中间偃麦草；C - 分带；基因组原位杂交；特异序列扩增区域；随机扩
增多态DNA

通讯作者。Tel: 025-4396026; E-mail: <pdchen@njau.edu.cn>。