J Integr Plant Biol ›› 2023, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (9): 2138-2156.DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13499

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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-14 接受日期:2023-04-25 出版日期:2023-09-01 发布日期:2023-09-19

An updated classification for the hyper-diverse genus Corydalis (Papaveraceae: Fumarioideae) based on phylogenomic and morphological evidence

Jun‐Tong Chen1,2†, Magnus Lidén3†, Xian‐Han Huang1†, Liang Zhang1, Xin‐Jian Zhang1,2, Tian‐Hui Kuang1,2, Jacob B. Landis4,5, Dong Wang6, Tao Deng1* and Hang Sun1*   

  1. 1. CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden;
    4. School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
    5. BTI Computational Biology Center, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
    6. School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
    †These authors contributed equally to this study.
    *Correspondences: Tao Deng (dengtao@mail.kib.ac.cn); Hang Sun (sunhang@mail.kib.ac.cn, Prof. Sun is fully responsible for the distribution of the materials associated with this article)
  • Received:2022-10-14 Accepted:2023-04-25 Online:2023-09-01 Published:2023-09-19

Abstract: The genus Corydalis, with ca. 530 species, has long been considered taxonomically challenging because of its great variability. Previous molecular analyses, based on a few molecular markers and incomplete taxonomic sampling, were clearly inadequate to delimit sections and subgenera. We have performed phylogenetic analyses of Corydalis and related taxa, using 65 shared protein-coding plastid genes from 313 accessions (including 280 samples of ca. 226 species of Corydalis) and 152 universal low-copy nuclear genes from 296 accessions (including 271 samples of Corydalis) covering all 42 previously recognized sections and five independent “series”. Phylogenetic trees were inferred using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood. Eight selected morphological characters were estimated using ancestral state reconstructions. Results include: (i) of the three subgenera of Corydalis, two are fully supported by both the plastid and nuclear data; the third, subg. Cremnocapnos, is weakly supported by plastid DNA only, whereas in the nuclear data the two included sections form successive outgroups to the rest of the genus; (ii) among all 42 sections and five “series”, 25 sections and one “series” are resolved as monophyletic in both data sets; (iii) the common ancestor of Corydalis is likely to be a perennial plant with a taproot, yellow flowers with a short saccate spur, linear fruits with recurved fruiting pedicels, and seeds with elaiosomes; (iv) we provide a new classification of Corydalis with four subgenera (of which subg. Bipapillatae is here newly described), 39 sections, 16 of which are consistent with the previous classification, 16 sections have been recircumscribed, one section has been reinstated and six new sections are established. Characters associated with lifespan, underground structures, floral spur, fruit and elaiosomes are important for the recognition of subgenera and sections. These new phylogenetic analyses combined with ancestral character reconstructions uncovered previously unrecognized relationships, and greatly improved our understanding of the evolution of the genus.

Key words: character evolution, Corydalis, genome skimming, Papaveraceae, phylogeny

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