Abstract: A study of twelve species of bamboos, Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f., Semiarundinaria Henryi McClure, Sinobambusa sp. (?), Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees, Bambusa lapidea McClure, Schizostachyum funghamii McClure, Bambusa textilis McClure, Bambusa pervariabilis McClure, Sinocalamus latiflorus (Munro) McClure, Sinocalamus sp., Lingnania Chungii (Mc- Clure) McClure, Lingnania sp., of Kwangtung Province has been undertaken subsequent to the previous descriptions of Phyllostachys pubescens, Ph. bambusoides, Ph. nigra var. Henonis, Brachystachyum densiflorum, Chimonobambusa quadrangularis, Pseudosasa japonica, Indocalamus Migoi, Shibataea chinensis, Pleioblastus amarus, Sinocalamus Oldhami, Bambusa multiplex, B. multiplex var. nana. The comparative anatomy of such species has been extensively investigated and a more or less comprehensive key to such is presented in aid to their identifications.