Abstract: Based upon our previous studies on the ultrastructure and constituents of chloroplast membrane in relation to the function of photosystem Ⅱ, and the effects of intermittent light and cations toward the ultrastructurc and the absorption spectrum and function of photosystem Ⅱ of wheat chloroplast membranes. Then we studied the ultrastructure of the chloroplast membrane in different ploids of wheat during their biogenesis. Seedlings of diploid wheat (Tr. monococcum), tetraploid wheat (Tr. durum Desf), hexaploid wheat, "Nongda 139" (Tr. aestivum) and octoploid wheat (Triticale Hungarian) were grown in dark for 7 days and exposed to light (1500 lux) for greening at a temperature about 26℃. Samples were taken after exposing to light for 1hr, 3 hrs, 4 hrs, and 22 hrs for ultrastructural observation of the biogenesis of chloroplasts. We found that the chloroplastid membranes of different ploids of wheat appeared to have a similar stepwise biogenesis process. We also found that the development rate and degree of constitution and form of their membrances were distinctly different. Especially, it was remarkable and interesting that we found numerous "vesicles" in dfferent sizes and number within the stroma of the proplastid of the diploid, tetraploid and octoploid wheat after exposing 1 hr and 4 hrs of light. In so doing, gemmalike bodies appeared from the outer envelope membrane from the yellow proplastid of tetraploid and octoploid wheat. These bodies looked quite like the photosynthetic membranes of prokaryote. It is worth notice that this unusual ultrastructure has not been reported before. We wonder if the gemmalike bodies are probably another form of reproduction of chloroplast. How does this phenomenon be explained? Why do these bodies were found only in tetraploid and octoploid wheat? And what are the factors controlling? These processes are needed to study in the future.