Abstract: The present paper deals with the embryogeny of Cathaya argyrophylla Chun et Kuang, a new conifer discovered in China in 1958. The material used for study was collected in 1960 and 1962 in type locality, Hua-Ping Forest Region, Lungsheng Hsien, Kwangsi Province, China. There are 2–3 archegonia in a prothallus, apical in position. Fertilization took place within the last ten days of June, 1960. The proembryo consists of 4 tiers of 4 cells each. As the suspensor cells elongate, the embryo cells begin to divide and the 2-celled embryos begin to form; soon the cell at the posterior end elongates to form the embryonal tube to strengthen the suspensor while the cell at the apical end begins to divide. When the 2-celled embryo with 2 embryonal tubes is formed, the cleavage of 4 embryos becomes obvious. Cleavage polyembryony is a constant feature for Cathaya and this agrees with that of Pinus, Cedrus, Keteleeria or Tsuga but differs from that of Pseudolarix, Abies. Picea, Larix or Pseudotsuga of Pinaceae. The rosette cells, however, are never divide in Cathaya, and the total number of the embryos formed is fewer than that of Pinus. No matter how many embryos are formed in the early embryogeny, usually only one of them develops into the mature embryo of the seed. The late embryogeny and the structure of the mature embryo of Cathaya are fundamentally similar to those of Pinus. The hypocotyl axis is comparatively well developed. There is a pith in the center. The procambium surrounds the pith and on its outer side is the cortex. The dermatogen covers the hypocotyl axis and the cotyledons. The procambinm extends up to the tip of the cotyledons. Mesophyll and procambium constitute the cotyledom. The shoot apex remains within the free apex of the axis and it is in the inactive state. The root cap is also well developed and the root initials locate in the center of the boundary between the root cap and the hypocotyl axis. The root cap is differentiated into two distinct regions: the column and the peri-column. Cells in the column are arranged in vertical rows with transverse divisions, while those in the peri-column are arranged in an oblique way, almost vertical in the peripheral layers. There is no distinct boundary between the peri-column and the cortex but no dermatogen covers over the peri-column. Secretary cells are scattered in cortex, procambium and in cotyledonary tissues. No secretary cells are found in pith and root cap. The embryogeny of Cathaya resembles that of Pinus more nearly than that of any other conifers. But it disagrees with the conclusion drawn from the data of the wood anatomy as reported by Яценко-Χмелевский и Будкевич (1958). They considered that Cathaya resembled that of Pseudotsuga or Picea so far as the wood anatomy was concerned. From the embryological data Cathaya is quite different from that of Pseudotsuga or Picea because no cleavage polyembryony occurs in both of them. Our conclusion, however, agrees with that of Erdtman (1963) taken from the pollen morphology because Cathaya has small pinoid pollen grains and cannot be referred to Pseudotsuga as suggested by Greguss on anatomical grounds.