Abstract:

The 16 tree species on Northeast China Transect (NECT) were analyzed from the change of geographical distribution, frequency and dominance pattern and the spatial correlation at landscape scale in 1986 and 1994. Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hemsl. had spread rapidly towards west and east, respectively. The frontier form of species had close relation with its movement. The patch size of Pinus koraiensis, Populus davidiana Dode., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Betula dahurica Pall., Picea koraiensis Nakai, Abies nephrolepis Maxim. and Larix olgeusis var. koreana Nakai decreased, however, Quercus mongolica Fisch., Betula costata Trautv., Acer mono Maxim., Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Betula platyphylla Suk. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased. The frequency pattern of Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Betula dahurica changed significantly. The dominance pattern of Populus davidiana, Tilia spp., Juglans mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, Betula dahurica and Abies nephrolepis changed significantly. The spatial correlation between Quercus mongolica and Betula dahurica, Betula costata and Picea spp., Betula costata and Abies nephrolepis, Picea spp. and Abies nephrolepis declined, however, the spatial correlation between Larix spp. and Betula platyphylla, Acer mono and Ulmus spp. increased.

1896 年和1986年黑龙江省几种森林景观的特征变化
陈雄文
（中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态开放研究室，北京100093）

摘要：通过用地理信息系统软件对 1896和 1986年的黑龙江省的森林分布图中提取的 5种森林景观进行处理和计算得到 :在 90年中 ,云杉 (Picea)、冷杉 (Abies)林、樟子松 (Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolicaLitvin)林和阔叶红松 (PinuskoraieusisSieb .etZucc .)林斑块总面积分别减少 87%、40 %和 84%。北纬 5 1°以北地区阔叶林斑块面积增加 5 0 0 % ,北界向西北扩展约 2 90km。云杉、冷杉林和针阔混交林斑块在 1986年的斑块的分维数小于 1896年的斑块的分维数 ,而樟子松林、阔叶红松林和阔叶林的 1986年斑块分维数都分别大于 1896年的分维数。云杉、冷杉林、樟子松林、阔叶红松林和阔叶林景观破碎化增加。云杉、冷杉林 ,樟子松林和阔叶红松林转化为针阔混交林的比率大于各自保留的比率。

关键词： 森林景观；斑块；景观破碎化；景观转移比率；黑龙江省

Key words: spatial characteristic, tree species(genera), Northeast China Transect, patch, frequency, dominance, spatial correlation