J Integr Plant Biol. ›› 2022, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (8): 1631-1645.DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13313

• Plant Biotic Interactions • Previous Articles    

Coat protein of Chinese wheat mosaic virus upregulates and interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a negative regulator of plant autophagy, to promote virus infection

Erbo Niu1, Chaozheng Ye1, Wanying Zhao1, Hideki Kondo2, Yunfeng Wu1, Jianping Chen3, Ida Bagus Andika4* and Liying Sun1,2*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an 712100, China
    2 Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710‐0046, Japan
    3 State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
    4 College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China

    * Correspondences: Liying Sun (sunliying@nwafu.edu.cn, Dr.Sun is fully responsible for the distributions of all materials associated with this article); Ida Bagus Andika (idabagusyf@yahoo.com)
  • Received:2022-05-15 Accepted:2022-06-15 Online:2022-06-17 Published:2022-08-01

Abstract:

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism involved in antiviral defense, but the strategies employed by plant viruses to counteract autophagy-related defense remain unknown for the majority of the viruses. Herein, we describe how the Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV, genus Furovirus) interferes with autophagy and enhances its infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Yeast two-hybrid screening and in vivo/in vitro assays revealed that the 19 kDa coat protein (CP19K) of CWMV interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPCs), negative regulators of autophagy, which bind autophagy-related protein 3 (ATG3), a key factor in autophagy. CP19K also directly interacts with ATG3, possibly leading to the formation of a CP19K–GAPC–ATG3 complex. CP19K–GAPC interaction appeared to intensify CP19K–ATG3 binding. Moreover, CP19K expression upregulated GAPC gene transcripts and reduced autophagic activities. Accordingly, the silencing of GAPC genes in transgenic N. benthamiana reduced CWMV accumulation, whereas CP19K overexpression enhanced it. Overall, our results suggest that CWMV CP19K interferes with autophagy through the promotion and utilization of the GAPC role as a negative regulator of autophagy.

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