J Integr Plant Biol. ›› 2022, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (10): 1966-1978.DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13337

• Plant Biotic Interactions • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Microbe-derived non-necrotic glycoside hydrolase family 12 proteins act as immunogenic signatures triggering plant defenses

Lan Wang1†, Hanmei Liu1†, Mingmei Zhang1, Yu Ye1, Lei Wang1, Jinyi Zhu1, Zhaodan Chen1, Xiaobo Zheng1, Yan Wang1,2,3* and Yuanchao Wang1,2,3*   

  1. 1 Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
    3 The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

    These authors contributed equally to this work.
    *Correspondences: Yan Wang (yan.wang@njau.edu.cn, Dr. Wang is fully responsible for the distribution of the materials associated with this article); Yuanchao Wang (wangyc@njau.edu.cn)
  • Received:2022-01-25 Accepted:2022-08-01 Online:2022-09-16 Published:2022-10-01

Abstract: Plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are sentinels at the cell surface sensing microbial invasion and activating innate immune responses. During infection, certain microbial apoplastic effectors can be recognized by plant PRRs, culminating in immune responses accompanied by cell death. However, the intricated relationships between the activation of immune responses and cell death are unclear. Here, we studied the glycoside hydrolase family 12 (GH12) protein, Ps109281, secreted by Phytophthora sojae into the plant apoplast during infection. Ps109281 exhibits xyloglucanase activity, and promotes P. sojae infection in a manner dependent on the enzyme activity. Ps109281 is recognized by the membrane-localized receptor-like protein RXEG1 and triggers immune responses in various plant species. Unlike other characterized GH12 members, Ps109281 fails to trigger cell death in plants. The loss of cell death induction activity is closely linked to a sequence polymorphism at the N-terminus. This sequence polymorphism does not affect the in planta interaction of Ps109281 with the recognition receptor RXEG1, indicating that cell death and immune response activation are determined using different regions of the GH12 proteins. Such GH12 protein also exists in other Phytophthora and fungal pathogens. Taken together, these results unravel the evolution of effector sequences underpinning different immune outputs.

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