Abstract: The flora of the Antarctic mainly consists of lichens , bryophytes and algae. The author analysed the distribution of plants in relation to their environments , floristic compositions, and types and structures of plant communities in both Antarctic and Subantarctic. A common property was recognized in both Antarctic and Subantarctic vegetation,i. e. ,mixed growth, epiphytic growth and replacement in succession were often found among the lichens, bryophytes and algae. Based on the characteristics of plant and vegetation and research condition, the botanical research of Chinese group may focus on the following subjects: (1)The origin of the Antarctica plants . The relationship between Plant and vegetation on the Antarctic and on other continents; (2)The mechanism of plant resistance to cold and to drought; (3) Antarctica terrestrial ecosystem research; (4) Biological diversity and its conservation; (5)Indication of the effects of Antarctic plants in environmental pollution ,climatic changes, chronology of glacier and mineral resources ; (6)Comparative study of alpine, Arctic and Antarctic plant.

Key words: Antarctica plant, Types of plant communities, Prospect