Abstract: The vegetation and the permafrost are mutually affected and limited. The development and the penetrating growth of root system of plants are limited by low temperature of the permafrost. The homogeneity of vegetation distribution is destroyed by forming of frost heavings, thawed lakes landslides and solifluctions. Direct sunlight is weakened by vegetation and a lot of water is depleted by transpiration, so that the surface temperature of ground is decreased. There is a thick peat layer under boggy meadow, exercising protection for the permafrost. According to the type, the structure, and the specific composition of the vegetation and the surface features of the permafrost, the distributive ranges of the permafrost can be determined. Since vegetation succession is extremely sensitive to the changes of air temperature and soil moisture, the trend of permafrost development may be speculate indirectly.