J Integr Plant Biol. ›› 1976, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2): -.

• Research Articles •    

Studies on Tissue Culture of Medicinal Plants I. Callus Cultures of Scopolia Acutangula for the Production of Hyoscyamine and Scopolamine

Zhèng Guàng-zhì and Liàng Zhèng   

Abstract: For the purpose of inducing callus from excised stem segments of Scopolia acutangula, Linsmair-Skoog's medium was better than Nitseh-Hiller's or White's medium. The optimum temperature for callus growth was about 26 ℃ and the optimum pH was about 5.5 under our experimental conditions. Identification by paper chromatography, thinlayer chromatography and ultra- violet absorption spectrum of methyl alcohol extracts of callus and stems of S. acutangula demonstrated that the callus had the capability to synthesize hyoscamine and scopolamine. The results of chromatographic analyses indicated that callus also synthesized three unknown alkaloids and a compound which was able to produce blue fluorescence under ultra-violet light. The quantities of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in the stems of intact plants were 0.123% and 0.016% respectively, while in the callus they were 0.025% and 0.105%. Light not only strongly stimulates the growth of callus but also promotes bio- synthesis of hyoscyamine and scopolamine. However, whether in light or darkness, growth curves of the callus are sigmoid. Following prolonged cultural period, the quantity of hyoscyamine in callus decreases, while the quantity of scopolamine in- creases. The effects of various growth substances such as 2,4-D, IAA, NAA, gibberellin and kinetin are not the same on the growth of callus and on the content of scopo- lamine produced. The best growth was obtained in Linsmair-Skoog's medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D. The stimulatng effect of NAA on the production of scopolamine is more obvious than that of 2, 4-D, whereas the effects of gibberellin and kinetin are quite insignificant.

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