Abstract: This paper is an investigation of the modes of multiplication of free nuclei of the endosperm of wheat. It embodies 3 parts: 1. Mutual fusion of free nuclei, 2. Multiplication of free nuclei, 3. Mitotic and non-mitotic division. 1. Mutual fusion of free nuclei takes place not only during the resting stage, but also at any time when the division is going on. Polyploid free nuclei are due to the mutual fusion of free nuclei. 2. In the endosperm of wheat, polyploid free nuclei are multiplied by the same method as triploid free nuclei, viz., by means of mitotic and non-mitotic divisions. 3. The manner of mitotic division of polyploid free nuclei is the same as the normal. This is observed at the various stages. 4. The causes of the formation natural polyploidy may be various. Low temperature is a known factor. 5. Some free nuclei in anaphase and telophase of mitoses the chromosome bridges were occasionally observed. They may persist even in the resting stage. 6. when mitoses of the most of free nuclei in the whole endosperm are for some cause fail proceeding to completion, individual free nuclei cannot finish the division complete the anaphase and therefore the two groups of chromosomes are only a very short distance apart and form two daughter nuclei, very close together, at long last these finally unite into polyploid nucleus. 7. Some roundish bits, which are whithout structure and very similar to nucleoli in the form and size, are abstricted from pseudopodoid parts of amoeboid triploid and polyploid nuclei. Each bit grows into a normal nucleus. This is a hitherto unrecorded a method of non-mitotic multiplication for the plant cell. 8. Some tripoid and polyploid free nuclei show prophase, metaphase, anaphase or telophase in the structure, but then revert to non-mitotic division. This may be that due to some condition, Which prevents mitosis to go to completion. This phenomenon illustrates that both mitotic and non-mitotic divisions are closely associated. They can be interconvertible not only at the resting stage, but also at any time when cell division is going on.