J Integr Plant Biol. ›› 2021, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (9): 1664-1670.DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13105

Special Issue: Genome editing

• Research Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Creation of aromatic maize by CRISPR/Cas

Yanxiao Wang1, Xiaoqin Liu2, Xiuxiu Zheng2, Wenxia Wang2, Xunqing Yin2, Haifeng Liu2, Changle Ma1, Xiaomu Niu2, Jian‐Kang Zhu3 and Fei Wang1,2*   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
    2 Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jinan 250000, China
    3 Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China

    *Correspondence: Fei Wang (wangfei@bellagen.cn)
  • Received:2021-04-16 Accepted:2021-04-27 Online:2021-05-02 Published:2021-09-01

Abstract: Aroma is an important quality parameter for breeding in rice (Oryza sativa). For example, the aromatic rice varieties basmati and jasmine rice, with a popcorn-like scent, are popular worldwide and routinely command a price premium. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is a key flavor compound among over 200 volatiles identified in fragrant rice. A naturally fragrant germplasm exists in multiple plant species besides rice, which all exhibit lower activity of BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2 (BADH2). However, no equivalent aromatic germplasm has been described in maize (Zea mays). Here, we characterized the two maize BADH2 homologs, ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b. We generated zmbadh2a and zmbadh2b single mutants and the zmbadh2a-zmbadh2b double mutant by CRISPR/Cas in four inbred lines. A popcorn-like scent was only noticeable in seeds from the double mutant, but not from either single mutant or in wild type. In agreement, we only detected 2AP in fresh kernels and dried mature seeds from the double mutant, which accumulated between 0.028 and 0.723 mg/kg 2AP. These results suggest that ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b redundantly participate in 2AP biosynthesis in maize, and represent the creation of the world's first aromatic maize by simultaneous genome editing of the two BADH2 genes.

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