Integrative Biology Journals
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J Integr Plant Biol.

• Research Article •    

Transcription activator-like effectors of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae hijack host transcriptional regulation through OsWRKYs

Jong Hee Im1,2,3†, Naeyeoung Choi1,4†, Jinjeong Lee1†, Man‐Young Jung2,3, Sang Ryeol Park1 and Duk‐Ju Hwang1,5*   

  1. 1. National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
    2. Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak‐roJeju 63243, Korea
    3. Bio‐Health Materials Core Facility Center, Jeju, National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
    4. Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    5. Mediprogen Inc, 1447 Pyeongchang‐gun 25354, Korea

    †These authors contributed equally to this work.
    *Correspondence: Duk‐Ju Hwang (djhwang61@gmail.com)
  • Received:2024-11-01 Accepted:2025-04-24 Online:2025-05-28
  • Supported by:
    This work was carried out with the support of the Next‐Generation BioGreen 21 Program of the Rural Development Administration (PJ013269), the Brain Pool Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea (RS‐2023‐00262576). M.‐Y.J. was supported by an NRF grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (RS‐2025000518246).

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Abstract: Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) mimic eukaryotic transcriptional activators and translocate into host plant cells via the bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) during pathogenic interactions. They play a crucial role in disease development by regulating host genes. Despite this, the regulatory mechanisms by which TALEs control OsWRKY transcription factors (TFs) remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that two TALEs from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) individually modulate two OsWRKY TFs, resulting in increased susceptibility and reduced host defense. Specifically, Xoo1219 and Xoo2145 activate the expression of OsWRKY104 and OsWRKY55, respectively, through direct interactions. OsWRKY104 increases the susceptibility to Xoo by activating OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14, while OsWRKY55 suppresses host defense against Xoo by directly regulating OsWRKY62. These findings suggest that TALEs hijack the host's OsWRKY TFs to create a favorable environment for bacterial survival.

Key words: bacterial leaf blight, OsWRKY, rice, TAL effector, Xoo

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