Abstract: Vegetation of the Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region can be classified into the following four major natural vegetational regions: Eurasia Coniferous Forest Region, East Asia Broad-Leaf Forest Region, Eurasia Steppe Region and Asia-Africa Desert Region. As a result of the differences in the temperature caused by the latitudes and in the precipitation by the southeast monsoon, five zones of vegetation may be distinguished in this region: the bright coniferous forest zone of cold-temperate type, the deciduous broad-leaf forest zone of mid-temperate type, the steppe zone of mid-temperate type, the steppe zone of warm-temperate type and the desert zone of warm- temperate type. Each of them has its own representative of vegetation formation and soil type, with corresponding climatic index. These characteristics have important bearing on the development of agriculture and animal-husbandry in this region. The vegetation of steppe and desert in this region is more arid than the Kazakstan steppe and Middle Asia desert. It is shown by the higher xerophilizaticn of edifieators and the lower productivity of communities. Difference of the characteristics of soil caused by different characteristics of vegetation may also be noticed.