The Zhoutian Formation of Huichang Basin is a lacustrine deposit, which consists mainly of gypsum-bearing and salt-bearing fragmental rock. It may be divided into three members. The ore of rock salt of Zhoutian deposit in second member, One hundred and forty-six rock samples collected from Huichang Basin have been treated, A lot of fossil pollen and spores have been found from forty-three samples of them. Eighty-six genera and seventy-five species are reported, in which Cranwellia jiang-xiensis, Cranwellia crassusa, and Exesipollenites triangulus are described as new. According to distributive regulations of fossil pollen and spores on vertical section and level section, the Zhoution Formation may be divided in ascending order into four assemblage: 1. Classopollis parvus-Schizaeoisporites-Ephedripites-Triptyches assemblage. 2.Schizaeoisporites-Classopollis–Ephedripite-Triptyches assemblage. 3. Schizaeoisporites- Ephedripites Exesipollenites-Cranwellia assemblage, and 4. Classopollis annulatus- Schizaeoisporites- Exesipollenites pseudotriletes-Tricolporat assemblage. Based upon characteristics of sporo-pollen assemblages, the authors consider that the Zhoutian Formation should belong MiddIe Cretaceous in age. The climate at that time was warm and dry tropical-subtropical type.

This paper described a new cycad which from the Lower Shihezi Formation in Shanxi China. These new materials described here belong to a kind of macrosporophyll of cycad. At the same time, a great part of those specimens of Norinia cuculata must be divided into the present new genus. As far as the age of geology was concerned that the Halle's specimens were younger than present ones. Based on the different characters of the present specimens and the Halle’s ones, both of them have been named Primocycas chinensis, gen. et sp. nov. and P. muscariformis, sp. nov. separately by authors. The new cycad here has been compared with others permian cycad macrosporophyll, such as Phasmatocycas kansana and Archaeocycas whitei. According to the small resinoid spherules bearing between those lateral veins of both Phasmatocycas kansana and Taeniopteris multinervis, it seems to authors that the relationship between them is more close. Fineral, authors regard the genus Samaropsis as the seed of cycad based on the specimens of the new one.

In this paper, the eeo-physiological characteristics of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. are studied. The physiological indices of the drought resistance of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. are much lower than those of the xerophyte Nitraria tangutorum and Haloxylon ammodendron. It proves that the drought-enduring and thermostable abilities of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. are apparently lower than that of Nitraria tangutorum and Haloxylon ammodendron. And yet, Elaeagnus angustifolia which has an strong root system, is able to absorb ground water and can resist atmospheric drought and high temperature. These Eco-physiological characteristics indicate that Elaeagnus angustifolia L. belongs in xeromesophyte. These characteristics also reflect that the natural areals of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. are largely located in the river banks of endorheic drainage and lower reach regions where ground water table is comparatively higher than in desert region and semidesert region.

This article reported a new valuable species of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing plant Elaeagnus' mollis Diels. The acetylene reducing activity of its root nodules was detected by gas chromatography. The results indicate that the root nodules have high acetylene reducing activity, which may reach as high as 241.82 nmol C2H2 reduced/ g.FW./min, it could be compared to that of the leguminous plant.

The fruit of Shan-Li-Hong (hawthorn Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major. N. E. Br.) Was extracted with ethanol The extract was passed through the polyamide and silica columns separately and nine constituents were obtained (Ⅰ—Ⅸ). These components were identified as (—)-epicatechin (Ⅵ), quercitin (Ⅷ). hyperoside (Ⅶ), chlorogenic acid (Ⅴ), citric acid (Ⅳ), and its symmetrical monomethyl ester (Ⅲ), symmetrical dimethyl ester (Ⅱ), trimethyl ester (Ⅰ), and sucrose (Ⅸ); besides, the orange red substance is regarded as flavan polymers. Its struture will be studied further. In this article there axe fourteen samples of the fruit of genus Crataegus representing six sections and twelve species and two varieties to be compared in main constituents. The results indicate that their main constituents are rather similar and two varieties in Crataegus pinnatifida are similar to C. pinnatifida Bge.

The effect of gibberellin on abscission of petiole of Euonymus japonica stem segment and cotton seedling segment was studied. The results showed that application of GA3 caused a marked increase in abscission of petioles. The effect was prominent in a definite range with the increase of the concentration. GA3 had no direct effect in stimulating ethylene production but it induced an increase of respiration. Abscission of petioles was decreased by the addition of glucose into the culture medium. The difference of GA3 effect in both intact plant and explant has been discussed.

In this paper the results of the influence of various metabolic inhibitors on different periods of the vernalization process in winter wheat are provided. It was found that the initial period of vernalization is very sensitive to respiratory inhibitors such as azide and 2, 4-nitrophenol. In the middle period, the inhibitor of nueleoacid metabolism such as 2-thiouracil significantly prolongated the process of vernalization. At the third period the protein metabolic inhibitor such as chloromycetin strongly inhibited the vernalization process. Our experiments demonstrated that a remarkable replacement of metabolic patterns is existed in the course of vernalization of winter wheat. The relative metabolic processes during the time of vernalization not only carried on different in rate and in action model of inhibitors but also alternatively. Therefore, we assumed that vernalization process of winter wheat may be divided into several periods (sub-processes) with different metabolic patterns. On the basis of our results, we tentatively concluded that there are at least three sub-processes during the vernalization: the first sub-process is mainly determinated by carbonhydrate oxidation and phosphorylation processes; the second sub-process is mainly determinated by nucleic acid metabolism and the third sub-process is mainly determinated by the protein metabolism.

The isozymes of cytochrome oxidase (COD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), peroxidase (POD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were measured in the embryo from rice and wheat seeds which germinate in atmospheres ranging from I to 10% 02 and 5% to 25% CO2. The isozyme bands of MDH and COD decreased in atmospheres containing from 1% to 10% O2, but increased for G6PDH under that lower oxygen. COD and POD iso- zymes decreased when the CO2 concentration (5%–25%) was nearer or higher than O2 concentration (25%) In that condition, MDH, G6PDH and ADH were increased. These data suggested that gene expression is regulated by internal and external factors.

The oxygen consumption of mitochondria isolated from the chilled (4℃, 24 hr.) corn shoots was increased, while their oxidative phosphorylative efficiency (ADP/O) and respiratory control ratio (RCR) were obviously lowered. Electron micrograph showed that after chilitreatment the mitochondria in the corn shoots were turned into swollen state. Concomitantly, their sensitivity to cyanide inhibition of α-ketoglutarate oxidation was increased and the CN-resistant pathway was almost inactivated.

The main results obtained are summarized as follows: The two maize strains employed in the present study were Wilbur's Flint and Pa-tang-pai 1. Wilbur's Flint From pachytene analysis it was previously known that Wilbur's Flint has only one terminal knob in the short arm of chromosome 9 as mentioned in "materials and methods" section. By Giemsa C-banding technique it revealed more bands (knobs) than expected. In addition to the terminal knob (band) in the short arm of chromosome 9, the following bands (knobs) were observed. The short arm of chromosome 1 possessed a small band. The same chromosome had another band in the 0.4: position of the long arm. Chromosome 2 also had a band in the long arm. This band occupied the 0.15 position of the arm. The bands in the long arm of chromosome 6 responded differently to the staining. The first band stained heavily while the second one only slightly. Chromosomes 7 and 10 had a band in the long arm. The band in the long arm of chromosome 10 was near the centromere. The while the terminal band of chromosome 9 showed more heterochromatin than that revealed by the other technique. The NOR (nucleolar organizer region) and the satellite of chromosome 6 were also differentiated. The centromere regions of all the chromosomes were not stained and completely indistinct. The nueleoli were not or only slightly differentiated for most of the cases. 2. Pa-tangpai With acetocarmine squash technique it had known that chromosomes 1 and 4 have each one large knob in the long arm. The knobs in the long arm of chromosomes 6 and 7 are medium-sized. The short arm of chromosome 9 has only a small knob. By Giemsa C-Banding technique it was surprising to know that the number and position of bands agrees fully to anticipation even though the size of them was not entirely the same as expected. For example, the bands (knobs) in the long arm of chromosomes 1, 4 and 7 are much larger than those revealed by the other staining methods. The terminal band (knob) in the short arm of chromosome 9 and the first (knob) in the long arm of chromosome 6 appeared the same as observed with conventional techniques. Furthermore, it is the same as for Wilbur's Flint, that NOR and satellite of Chromosome 6 were clearly differentiated. The centromere region of all the chromosomes could not be recognized and the nucleoli were almost completely unclear.

In the MS basic media supplemented with either 6-Benzyl amino purine (6-BA) or 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetie acid (2, 4-D), plantlets were induced from receptacle explants of chrysanthemum. Shoots were grown at first in this media with 6-BA 2-16 mg/l. Then they were transplanted into MS media supplemented with IAA 1 mg/l to root. Eventually they formed plantlets. The receptacle explants induced with 2, 4-D 2mg/l were surrounded by numerous roots. Finally plantlets were formed. Tubular flowers with colours of original rarity were grown out from some receptacle explants in media supplemented with 6-BA 8 mg/l. Under the influence of 6-BA, some parenchymatous cells changed into embryonic cells with characteristic of large nucleus, rich protoplasm and capable of dividing. These embryonic cells developed into meristematic nodules and vascular tissue nodules step by step and were differentiated into bud primodia at the surface of the receptacle explants. There is vascular connection between vascular tissue nodule and bud. The bud primordia developed into shoot. Many proplastids were formed in the protoplasm of the induced receptacle explant cells and proplastids developed into chloroplasts gradually.

Detailed observation on the process of double fertilization in vicia faba was made in the present work. The results are summarized as follows: 1. 20 hours after anthesis, the pollen tube has reached the micropyle of the ovule. 2. 24 hours after anthesis the two sperms entered into the egg nucleus and the polar nucleus respectively. As soon as the gradual despiralization of male spireme takes place, a male nucleolus arises from it, at first as a small drop, which gradually increases in size until the same as the female one, and then fuses with the female nucleolus. 3. About 30 hours after anthesis, the fusion of female and male nucleoli is completed, and then the formation of a larger nucleolus is appeared in the zygote. 4. The fusion of the second sperm with the polar nucleus takes place in very much the same way as syngamy. Triple fusion are frequently completed after mitosis. 5. The fertilization of vicia faba is of the premitotic type. 6. Before fertilization, small amount of granules gives a positive Feulgen reaction in the egg nuclei but less so in the polar nuclei.

Following a complete ringing of the main stem of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. regeneration of normal new bark has been observed as a subsequence of repeated partial differentiation of the immature xylem into cambium. The immature xylem, when cultured in vitro, showed production of callus tissue from the ray cells. After 15–30 days of continuous culture, meristematic tissue appeared as a discontinuous and more or less regularly arranged.zone was visible within the callus tissue. However, the meristematic cells, unlike the elongated fusif0rm initial cells, are isometric in shape. This meristem differentiated into tracheids centripetally. Nevertheless, no centrifugal differentiation into phloem was evidenced. The vascular tissues were ultimately degenerated after 6 months cultured in vitro.